FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
STA630- Research Methods (Session - 1)
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, Except.
► Health care
► Business
► Government offices
► Religion
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements is false about variables?
► Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions of units of measurement.
► Discrete variables can only have whole number values.
► Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.
► Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two number values.
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
► Discontinuous variable
► Dependent variable
► Independent variable
► Intervening variable
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements best defines hypothesis?
► A quantitative study.
► A tentative prediction of the results of the research.
► A qualitative research design.
► The operational definition of the study.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the BEST hypothesis?
► Students taking formative quizzes will perform better on exams at teh end of the chapter than students not taking these quizzes.
► Taller students will have higher test scores than shorter students.
► Students taught in a cooperative group setting should do better than students in a traditional class.
► Students using laptops will do well.
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the characteristic/s of Hypotheses in qualitative research studies?
► Hypotheses are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study.
► Hypotheses are never used.
► Hypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed.
► Hypotheses are always stated after the research study has been completed.
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally:
► Is made prior to the literature review
► Is made after the literature review
► Will help guide the research process
► Is made before or after literature review
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following refers to "A review that only demonstrates familiarity with an area is rarely published but it often is part of an educational program is which type of review"?
► Integrative review
► Theoretical review
► Self-study review
► Historical review
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Quantitative research has been criticised because:
► The reliance on instruments and procedures makes it high in ecological validity.
► The measurement process suggests a spurious and artificial sense of accuracy.
► It underestimates the similarities between objects in the natural and social worlds.
► It has no validity.
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Internal consistency estimates of reliability such as the KR-20 or Cronbach's alpha are used more frequently than other estimates such as test-retest or parallel forms because internal consistency estimates;
► Are easily calculated.
► Require only one administration of a test.
► Are more accurate than all other types of estimates.
► Are usually higher.
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following functions is performed by the Nominal scale?
► Categorize
► Distance
► Order
► Unique origin
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Categorical measures are forms of measurement classified as;
► Measures that reflect quantitative differences.
► Measures that reflect qualitative differences.
► Measures that do not require mutual exclusivity or exhaustiveness when devising a measuring system.
► Rationale measures.
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements relates to concurrent validity?
► The measure apparently reflects the content of the concept in question.
► A criterion is employed on which cases are known to differ.
► A future criterion is employed on which cases are known to differ.
► A measure is gauged by comparing it to measures of the same concept developed through other methods.
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If a measure is consistent over multiple occasions, it has:
► Inter-rater reliability
► Construct validity
► Internal validity
► Test-retest reliability
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The validity of a measure refers to which of the following?
► Consistency of the measurement
► Particular type of construct specification
► Comprehensiveness with which it measures the construct
► Accuracy with which it measures the construct
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In which of the following types of interview, questions are already prepared?
► Telephonic interview
► Personal interview
► Unstructured interview
► Structured interview
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem with using survey research to investigate behaviour?
► Respondents tend to answer by giving the most socially desirable answer.
► Respondents may inadvertently omit key terms in the question.
► Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening question.
► Respondents may be unwilling to reveal information as they believe they are likely to be identified.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements might assist response rates?
► Please photocopy the questionnaire five times and pass on to your work colleagues.
► Please make sure that the questionnaire is completed with a fountain pen.
► Please read the attached journal article on the ontological foundations of positivism prior to completing the questionnaire.
► Please put the completed questionnaire in the enclosed stamped addressed envelope and place in the mail out tray.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, except;
► Volumes
► Full names of the authors
► Titles
► Price
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The small scale trial run of a particular item is called ______________.
► Test Run
► Pilot test
► Post hoc test
► T test
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following provides insight into the complexity of using interviews?
► Potential influence of gender or cultural differences between interviewer and interviewee
► The accuracy of the interviewee's responses
► The different semantic meanings of the language being used
► Accuracy, influences and language used
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ms. K sampled the brightest students in the fifth grade at her school. She observed them in their classes at school and as they interacted with teachers and students when on campus. Her observation can be characterized as which of the following?
► Historical research
► Typical case sampling
► Totally structured
► Naturalistic
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following could indicate a statistically significant correlation?
► 0.12
► 0.34
► -0.45
► Either .34 or -.45
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following involves getting an initial sense of the data by considering field notes, transcripts, or observer comments?
► Data management
► Reading and memoing
► Describing the content and participants
► Classifying and interpreting
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a strategy that can guide data interpretation?
► Pay attention to your topic or research focus as it will help guide your selection of important parts of your data.
► Examine categories with large amounts of data as they are likely identifying important concepts.
► Examine existing studies related to your topic to identify potential interpretative frameworks.
► Pay attention to your preconceived notions of the meaning of the data as it reflects a "grounded" perspective.
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A researcher believes that the effects of a treatment will be different for males and females. Which one is the best method to test this possible interaction?
► Single-subject design
► Factorial design
► Time-series design
► Quasi-experimental design
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The best single-subject design to use, when it would be unethical to discontinue treatment indefinitely, would likely be:
► A-B-A-B
► A-B
► A-B-A
► Quasi-experimental
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which term technically describes a situation in which an observer's work in a first-grade classroom disrupts the normal routines due to the curiosity of the students?
► Observer effect
► Participant effect
► Nonparticipant bias
► Observer bias
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If the researcher promises anonymity to research participants, what can he not use?
► Questionnaires.
► Participant observation
► Self-report research
► Cross-sectional research
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which component of a research report contains information about the topic studied, literature review, hypotheses, participants, instruments, procedures, results, and discussion?
► Preliminary pages
► Main body
► Method
► Discussion
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following represents the correct order for five main sections of a dissertation?
► Conclusion, Introduction, Methods, Literature Review, Results.
► Methods, Results, Conclusion, Literature Review, Introduction.
► Literature Review, Results, Methods, Introduction, Conclusion.
► Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, Conclusion.
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A focus group session is ideally for;
► 1 hour
► 1 and half hour
► 2 hours
► More than 2 hours
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following refers to the partials replicate or reproduce the same relationship that existed in the bivariate table before considering the control variable?
► Replication pattern
► Specification pattern
► Suppressor variable pattern
► Negative linear relationship
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is not a way to manipulate an independent variable?
► Random technique
► Amount technique
► Type technique
► Presence technique
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following could be used for randomly assigning participants to groups in an experimental study?
► Split-half
► Even versus Odd numbers
► Use a list of random numbers or a computer randomization program
► Let the researcher decide which group will be the best
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following designs does an excellent job of controlling for rival hypotheses that threaten the internal validity of an experiment?
► Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
► Posttest-only control-group design
► Pretest-posttest control-group design
► Posttest-only design without nonequivalent groups
Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by which of the following?
► Dependent variable
► Extraneous variable
► Independent variable
► Confounding variable
Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the particular advantage of secondary analysis to business students?
► It is less challenging intellectually
► It guarantees positive results
► It is less expensive and less time consuming than primary analysis
► It enables students to gain experience of the workplace
Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Why do many data sets used for secondary analysis, contain high quality data?
► Because the data is presented attractively
► Because rigorous sampling procedures are commonly used
► Because the data sets focus on specific regions and issues
► Because the data is kept confidential
Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following types of analysis can be done using secondary analysis?
► The analysis of specific subgroups
► Longitudinal analysis
► Cross-cultural analysis
► All of the given options
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When an interviewer unintentionally and mistakenly checks the wrong response on a checklist during an interview, this is an example of:
► Social desirability bias
► Interviewer error
► Interviewer cheating
► Sponsorship bias
Question No: 42 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When an interviewer asks the respondent to state which of six salary categories represents his gross income the previous year, this is an example of a:
► Social desirability question
► Disguised question
► Structured question
► Unstructured question
Question No: 43 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
"Can you tell me more about what you mean by that?" is an example of:
► A mall intercept
► A probe
► A self-administered questionnaire
► All of the given options
Question No: 44 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Interviews with respondents that take place in shopping malls are called:
► Interviewer influence
► Mixed-mode surveys
► Protesting
► Mall intercept interviews
Question No: 45 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A questionnaire that collects information that is valid is said to be:
► Reliable
► Relevant
► Balanced
► Accurate
Question No: 46 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are guidelines that help prevent the most common mistakes in designing questions EXCEPT:
► Avoid complexity
► Avoid personal questions
► Avoid leading questions
► Avoid double-barreled questions
Question No: 47 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a respondent in a personal interview is asked questions about shopping at a specific department store in the shopping mall, and then is asked general questions about shopping at that mall, what type of mistake has been made in questionnaire design?
► Double-barreled effect
► Filter effect
► Loaded effect
► Order bias
Question No: 48 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a non probability sampling technique in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member?
► Subjective sample
► Stratified sample
► Judgment sample
► Cluster sample
Question No: 49 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In which type of sampling is a sub sample drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum?
► Cluster sampling
► Stratified sampling
► Systematic sampling
► Convenience sampling
Question No: 50 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a field interviewer records an impossible answer (e.g. birth date: 1850), this means that the data need to be:
► Coded
► Deleted
► Edited
► None of the given options
Question No: 51 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are software packages that can be used for data analysis EXCEPT:
► SPSS
► SAS
► Excel
► Word
Question No: 52 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When initial subjects are selected randomly and additional subjects are obtained from recommendations of names from the initial subjects, this sampling technique is called:
► Judgment sample
► Snowball
► Convenience sample
► Cluster sample
Question No: 53 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a local television station sends a crew to interview joggers in the Iqbal park on a beautiful spring day, this represents what type of sample?
► Cluster sample
► Convenience sample
► Multistage area sample
► Systematic sample
Question No: 54 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In a typical line graph, the _____ variable is shown on the vertical y-axis and the _____variable is shown on the horizontal x-axis.
► Dependent; independent
► Ratio; nominal
► Independent; dependent
► Primary; secondary
Question No: 55 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following means that there is an alternative explanation beyond the experimental variables for any observed differences in the dependent variables?
► Confound
► Interaction
► Randomization
► Repeated measures
Question No: 56 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which experimental design has the following symbols: O1 X O2?
► Solomon four-group design
► Static group design
► One-group pretest-posttest design
► None of the given options
Question No: 57 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is critical when conducting experimental research because it allows researchers to return subjects to normal?
► Manipulation check
► Cohort analysis
► Debriefing
► Deception
Question No: 58 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following elements of Observation is/are included in Non Reactive research EXCEPT:
► Count Behaviors
► Time Duration
► External Appearance
► Other Records
Question No: 59 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an advantage of focus group interviews?
► Provide multiple perspectives
► Low degree of scrutiny
► Inexpensive
► Easy to use for sensitive topics
Question No: 60 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the ideal size of a focus group?
► 1-2 participants
► 3-5 participants
► 6-12 participants
► 12-20 participants
Question No: 61 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The written set of guidelines that describes an outline of topics to be covered by a focus group moderator is called a:
► Discussion guide
► Concept test
► Case study
► All of the given options
Question No: 62 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In a prepared report, which of the following comes first?
► Title fly page
► Executive summary
► Table of contents
► Title page
Question No: 63 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In a prepared report, what should follow the discussion section?
► Tables
► Title page
► References
► Abstract
Question No: 64 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Constructing a detailed moderator’s outline for use during the focus group interviews involves extensive discussions among the ______, _______, and ______.
► Researcher; moderator; and respondents
► Researcher; client; moderator
► Researcher; client; respondent
► Client; respondent; moderator
Question No: 65 ( Marks: 3 )
Describe the limitations of Trivariate Table?
Question No: 66 ( Marks: 5 )
The director of the human resource of a manufacturing firm wants to offer stress management seminars to the personnel who experience high level of stress. He assumes that three groups are most prone to stress; the workmen (who constantly handle dangerous chemicals), the foremen (who are held responsible for production quotas), and the councilors (who day in and day out, listen to the problems of the employees) and all the rest of the employees working in the organization.
I. Describe the type of sampling the director should use in the given scenario, probability or non probability?
ii. What type of sampling technique is being used and why? Explain.
iii. In how many groups the population can be divided, write their names.
Question No: 67 ( Marks: 10 )
Write a detailed note on methodology section of a report and its ingredients.
Question No: 68 ( Marks: 10 )
How two factors given below can affect Internal Validity? Give one example to explain.
1. History Effect
2. Maturation Effect
No comments:
Post a Comment