Fall 2009
STA630- Research Methods (Session - 2)
Time: 120 min
Marks: 92
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
On which of the following, Scientific knowledge mostly relies?
? Identification of events
? Logical understanding
? Prior knowledge
? All of the given options
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the characteristic/s of Hypotheses in qualitative research studies?
?????????Hypotheses are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study.
?????????Hypotheses are never used.
?????????Hypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed.
?????????Hypotheses are always stated after the research study has been completed.
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
“Downsizing in an organization in future is associated with the level of job security of the present employee in an organization” is an example of which of the following?
?????????Correlational hypothesis
?????????Descriptive hypothesis
?????????Explanatory hypothesis
?????????Non Descriptive hypothesis
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which two of the following are legitimate frameworks for setting out a literature review:
1. Constructing intertextual coherence, 2. Deconstruction of textual coherence, 3. Problematizing the situation, 4. Resolving discovered problems?
?????????1 and 2
?????????2 and 3
?????????1 and 3
?????????2 and 4
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the appropriate way in which to view the reliability of observational data?
?????????Test-retest
?????????Parallel forms
?????????Internal consistency
?????????Interobserver reliability
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended concepts?
?????????Reliability
?????????Replicability
?????????Scaling
?????????Validity
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If a study is 'reliable', this means that:
?????????It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted.
?????????The measurements devised for concepts are stable on different occasions.
?????????The findings can be generalized to other social settings.
?????????The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated.
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is not a form of measurement validity?
?????????Concurrent validity
?????????Face validity
?????????Conductive validity
?????????Convergent validity
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
One of the preoccupations of quantitative researchers is with generalization, which is a sign of:
?????????External validity
?????????Internal reliability
?????????External reliability
?????????Internal validity
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The validity of a measure refers to which of the following?
?????????Consistency of the measurement
?????????Particular type of construct specification
?????????Comprehensiveness with which it measures the construct
?????????Accuracy with which it measures the construct
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Panel and cohort designs differ in that:
?????????Cohort studies involve quantitative research, whereas panel studies are qualitative.
?????????A panel study does not need rules to handle new entrants to households.
?????????Only a cohort study will suffer from sample attrition.
?????????A panel study can distinguish between age effects and cohort effects, but a cohort design cannot.
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A study design in which the researcher might create_______ to establish cause-and-effect relationship is called Experimental Design.
?????????An artificial setting, control some variables and manipulates the independent variable
?????????A natural setting, control some variables and manipulates the dependent variables
?????????An artificial setting, control some variables and manipulates the dependent variable
?????????All of the given options
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of survey research?
?????????Triangulation of data
?????????Literature review
?????????Data analysis
?????????Validity
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a longitudinal study?
?????????Panel study
?????????Cohort study
?????????Census study
?????????Trend study
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The most critical area of an article to read is;
?????????Introduction
?????????Abstract
?????????Results section
?????????Limitations
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The cover letter to a questionnaire study should contain all of the following, EXCEPT;
?????????A list of participants
?????????A self-addressed, stamped envelope
?????????Purpose of the study
?????????Reasons to respond
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Questions that include negatives should be avoided because:
?????????The respondent may miss out the negative word.
?????????The respondent may be unsure how to answer if the question includes a double negative.
?????????The respondent may be led by the question.
?????????All of the given options.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an advantage of open ended questions?
?????????They allow respondents to answer in their own terms.
?????????They prevent respondents from giving unusual answers.
?????????They allow respondents to put less effort into their answer.
?????????They allow respondents to code their answers in advance.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem with using social survey research to investigate behaviour?
?????????Respondents tend to answer by giving the most socially desirable answer.
?????????Respondents may inadvertently omit key terms in the question.
?????????Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening question.
?????????Respondents may be unwilling to reveal information as they believe they are likely to be identified.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The most important characteristic of the sample in survey research is that it is:
?????????Representative of the target population.
?????????Convenient to access.
?????????Easily observed in naturalistic settings.
?????????Large enough to compare differences between subgroups.
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following concerns is MOST likely to become a problem if Mr. Baber uses purposive sampling techniques?
?????????Generalizability from the sample to the population.
?????????Statistically equal groups.
?????????Subjects participating in the study.
?????????Selection of participants who are thought to be informative, articulate, and experienced with the research topic and setting.
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The logic of purposive sampling is:
?????????To use participants because the researcher has access to them.
?????????That a random sample can generalize to a population.
?????????That a few information-rich participants studied in depth yield many insights about a topic.
?????????To include all participants, even though they are not all relevant to the problem.
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following could indicate a statistically significant correlation?
?????????0.12
?????????0.34
?????????-0.45
?????????Either .34 or -.45
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research that affects how a researcher approaches data analysis?
?????????There is no single way to gain understanding of phenomena.
?????????Reality is described with language that potentially has different semantic meanings for the researcher and participants.
?????????There are many ways to report data.
?????????All of the given options.
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A measure that indicates the average performance of a group on some variable is known as;
?????????Mean
?????????Analysis of covariance
?????????Chi square
?????????Standard deviation
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The findings from a study of decision making processes within a Pakistani financial services company can be generalized to:
?????????Companies all over the world.
?????????Decision making processes in all financial services companies.
?????????Decision making processes in the all Pakistani companies.
?????????Decision making processes in the researched companies.
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The study of documents used by writers is a method of ________________.
?????????Regression analysis
?????????In-depth analysis
?????????Content analysis
?????????Time series analysis
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an excellent way to enhance the validity of observational data collection?
?????????Spend an extended period of time in the field.
?????????Obtain participant trust.
?????????Recognize your own biases.
?????????Spend time in field, obtain participant trust, recognize biases.
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Historians organize evidence usually in:
?????????Comparative form
?????????Narrative form
?????????Logical form
?????????Critical form
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is not a reason of why it is preferable to tape record a focus group session?
?????????It is quicker and easier to make brief notes about what is said.
?????????It enables the researcher to identify which people are acting as opinion leaders.
?????????Without a tape recording it is difficult to keep an accurate record of who said what.
?????????It allows for analysis of how certain points are put forward.
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In which section is the researcher allowed greater flexibility to express opinions, discuss implications for educational practice, and suggest additional research?
?????????Review of the literature
?????????Significance of the study
?????????Results
?????????Discussion
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the area of management which style of referencing is mostly used?
?????????AMA
?????????APA
?????????ASA
?????????PPA
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the complete group of specific population elements relevant to the research project?
?????????Element
?????????Target Population
?????????Sampling Frame
?????????Sampling Unit
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following can be referred as Expert opinion sample?
?????????Purposive Sampling
?????????Snowball Sampling
?????????Convenience Sampling
?????????Quota Sampling
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following sampling method is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?
?????????Convenience sampling